东盟集装箱港口体系的演变规律研究

doi:10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2017.04.015

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摘要集装箱港口作为国际物流的重要载体，对其结构与演化规律的认识有助于揭示区域贸易格局与货流变迁的规律。以东盟的马来西亚、泰国、越南、柬埔寨、缅甸等国家的19个港口为研究对象，运用基尼系数分析法、偏移-份额分析法，刻画了1994-2014年东盟集装箱港口吞吐量集散趋势、港口竞争特征。结果表明：东盟集装箱港口受各国经济快速发展、国际贸易活动和航线变化等因素影响，港口体系演变经历了三个阶段：1994-1998年，港口规模小、港口相互之间差距较小；1999-2003年，集装箱港口发展迅速，马来西亚、泰国、越南中转型港口开始形成；2004-2014年，马来西亚成为东盟新枢纽港、泰国和越南港口地位提升。

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关键词 ：集装箱港口体系, 集散度, 演变规律, 影响因素, 东盟

Abstract：This research investigates the container throughput of 19 main ports in Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia and Myanmar, who are the members of ASEAN. Based on the 1994-2014 years of container throughput, comprehensive Gini coefficient and Shift-Share analysis method, depicts the distribution trend of ASEAN container port throughput, characteristics of port competition. The results show that:ASEAN container port by rapid economic development of countries, a combination of factors affecting international trade, as well as route changes and other Chinese ports. ASEAN port system evolution has experienced three stages:stage I (1994-1998), the layout of the world container port has changed significantly, the world's three largest container port group of North America, Europe, East Asia accounted for the global container throughput of 80-90%. Stage Ⅱ (1999-2003), with container port began to develop rapidly, the development of Singapore port promotes the development of container ports in Malaysia and Thailand. Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam transition port began to form, Klang port, Tanjung pelepas port in Malaysia and Laem Chabang Port in Thailand throughput more than that of other ports, accounting for 71.5% of the total; stage Ⅲ (2004-2014), transfer port status to continue to strengthen, throughput of the container port system in the distribution of concentration, part of the port's market share tendency to expand, occupies the main position, such as Malaysia's Port Klang, Thailand's Laem Chabang Port, Vietnam's Ho Chi Minh port, Malaysia has become a new hub for ASEAN, Thailand and Vietnam to enhance the status of the port.

Key words： container ports system concentration and decentralization degree evolving regularity impact factors ASEAN

收稿日期: 2016-02-29

基金资助:

中国-东盟区域发展协同创新中心科研专项和教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划联合资助（CWZ201501）

作者简介: NGUYEN Thi-yen(1984-),女,越南河内人,西南交通大学交通运输与物流学院博士研究生,中国-东盟区域发展协同创新中心研究员,主要研究方向为交通与港口物流、东盟地区交通与物流发展研究。E-mail:nguyenthiyen@foxmail.com。

引用本文:

NGUYEN Thi-yen, 张锦, 李国旗, 崔异. 东盟集装箱港口体系的演变规律研究[J]. 人文地理, 2017, 32(4): 108-114. NGUYEN Thi-yen, ZHANG Jin, LI Guo-qi, CUI Yi. THE EVOLVING REGULARITY OF ASEAN CONTAINER PORT SYSTEM. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 32(4): 108-114.

链接本文:

http://rwdl.xisu.edu.cn/CN/10.13959/j.issn.1003-2398.2017.04.015 或 http://rwdl.xisu.edu.cn/CN/Y2017/V32/I4/108

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[20]	王成金.现代港口地理学的研究进展及展望[J].地球科学进展, 2008,23(3):243-250.[Wang Chengjin. Research prospect and progress of modern port geography[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2008, 23(3):243-250.]
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[22]	韩增林,王利,王成金,等.中国国际集装箱运输网络的布局与优化[J].地理学报,2002,57(4):479-488.[Han Zenglin, Wang Li, Wang Chengjin, et al. Layout and optimization of China's international container transportation network[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2002, 57(4):479-488.]
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[24]	李振福,张小玲,徐梦俏,等.东亚集装箱港口体系集装箱化进程研究[J].北京交通大学学报,2015,39(3):48-55.[Li Zhenfu, Zhang Xiaoling, Xu Mengqiao, et al. Containerization in East Asian container port system[J]. Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University, 2015, 39(3):48-55.]
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